大型语言模型作为认知病毒：扩散动力学与认知免疫的模型研究

Physics > Physics and Society arXiv:2609.03344 (physics) [Submitted on 3 Sep 2026] Title:Large-Language Models as a Cognitive Virus Authors:Ricard Solé, Giulio Ruffini, Francesca Castaldo, Marco Tuccio, Luis F. Seoane, Manlio de Domenico, Santiago F. Elena, David C. Krakauer, Michael Levin View a PDF of the paper titled Large-Language Models as a Cognitive Virus, by Ricard Sol\'e and 8 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract:Large-language models (LLMs) are rapidly becoming part of human culture, reshaping how information is produced, transmitted, and used. Here we propose that their diffusion can be understood through a viral analogy, with LLM use spreading through populations, becoming embedded in cognitive and cultural practices. We model transitions among uncoupled, coupled, and persistently dependent users, and show that the interplay between social transmission, recovery, and collective reinforcement can generate tipping points and technological lock-in. A central consequence is the possibility of runaway dynamics: once a critical threshold is crossed, small increases in adoption can trigger rapid population-level shifts toward persistent dependence, with abrupt losses in cognitive competence. The same framework, however, identifies conditions for cognitive immunization, based on reducing transmission and facilitating reversibility. Our results highlight how LLM adoption may involve nonlinear collective transitions with important consequences for cognitive autonomy. Comments: Subjects: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph); Computers and Society (cs.CY); Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO); Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE) Cite as: arXiv:2609.03344 [physics.soc-ph] (or arXiv:2609.03344v1 [physics.soc-ph] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.03344 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration) Submission history From: Luis F Seoane PhD [view email] [v1] Thu, 3 Sep 2026 04:03:49 UTC (2,776 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: View a PDF of the paper titled Large-Language Models as a Cognitive Virus, by Ricard Sol\'e and 8 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) TeX Source view license Current browse context: physics.soc-ph new | recent | 2026-09 Change to browse by: cs cs.CY nlin nlin.AO physics q-bio q-bio.PE References & Citations NASA ADS Google Scholar Semantic Scholar export BibTeX citation Loading... BibTeX formatted citation × loading... Data provided by: Bookmark Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article alphaXiv Toggle alphaXiv (What is alphaXiv?) Links to Code Toggle CatalyzeX Code Finder for Papers (What is CatalyzeX?) DagsHub Toggle DagsHub (What is DagsHub?) GotitPub Toggle Gotit.pub (What is GotitPub?) Huggingface Toggle Hugging Face (What is Huggingface?) ScienceCast Toggle ScienceCast (What is ScienceCast?) Demos Demos Replicate Toggle Replicate (What is Replicate?) Spaces Toggle Hugging Face Spaces (What is Spaces?) Spaces Toggle TXYZ.AI (What is TXYZ.AI?) Related Papers Recommenders and Search Tools Link to Influence Flower Influence Flower (What are Influence Flowers?) Core recommender toggle CORE Recommender (What is CORE?) Author Venue Institution Topic About arXivLabs arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs. Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)