ProbPlug：面向 LLM 二分类可靠置信度的插件式不确定性网络

Computer Science > Computation and Language arXiv:2609.10122 (cs) [Submitted on 9 Sep 2026] Title:ProbPlug: A Plugin Uncertainty Network for Reliable Confidence in LLM Binary Classification Authors:Jianzong Wang, Chuhang Liu, Botao Zhao, Zuheng Kang, Xulong Zhang, Xiaoyang Qu, Junqing Peng, Zhiewei Ye, Yayun He View a PDF of the paper titled ProbPlug: A Plugin Uncertainty Network for Reliable Confidence in LLM Binary Classification, by Jianzong Wang and 8 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract:Large language models (LLMs) have achieved strong performance across a broad range of classification settings, yet the reliability of their predictions remains a major obstacle to deployment in high-stakes scenarios. Although confidence estimation for LLMs has been widely studied, confidence calibration for LLM-based classification remains underexplored. We introduce ProbPlug, a lightweight confidence estimation framework for LLM-based binary classification, which predicts whether an output is correct using internal token features extracted from a frozen LLM. ProbPlug employs a self-attention module to aggregate hidden representations and can be integrated into the original inference pipeline without modifying the base model. Experiments across multiple tasks involving both text-based and multimodal large models show that ProbPlug provides more reliable confidence estimates, improves classification performance with negligible additional overhead, and exhibits strong generalization across tasks. These results indicate that ProbPlug serves as a practical solution for confidence estimation in LLM-based classification. Our code is publicly available at Github. Comments: Subjects: Computation and Language (cs.CL) Cite as: arXiv:2609.10122 [cs.CL] (or arXiv:2609.10122v1 [cs.CL] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.10122 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration) Submission history From: Jianzong Wang [view email] [v1] Wed, 9 Sep 2026 13:00:22 UTC (828 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: View a PDF of the paper titled ProbPlug: A Plugin Uncertainty Network for Reliable Confidence in LLM Binary Classification, by Jianzong Wang and 8 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) TeX Source view license Current browse context: cs.CL new | recent | 2026-09 Change to browse by: cs References & Citations NASA ADS Google Scholar Semantic Scholar export BibTeX citation Loading... BibTeX formatted citation × loading... Data provided by: Bookmark Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article alphaXiv Toggle alphaXiv (What is alphaXiv?) Links to Code Toggle CatalyzeX Code Finder for Papers (What is CatalyzeX?) DagsHub Toggle DagsHub (What is DagsHub?) GotitPub Toggle Gotit.pub (What is GotitPub?) Huggingface Toggle Hugging Face (What is Huggingface?) ScienceCast Toggle ScienceCast (What is ScienceCast?) Demos Demos Replicate Toggle Replicate (What is Replicate?) Spaces Toggle Hugging Face Spaces (What is Spaces?) Spaces Toggle TXYZ.AI (What is TXYZ.AI?) Related Papers Recommenders and Search Tools Link to Influence Flower Influence Flower (What are Influence Flowers?) Core recommender toggle CORE Recommender (What is CORE?) Author Venue Institution Topic About arXivLabs arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs. Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)