谁执笔？让规范而非智能体来签署

Computer Science > Artificial Intelligence arXiv:2609.29921 (cs) [Submitted on 24 Sep 2026] Title:Who Holds the Pen? Let Specifications, Not Agents, Sign Off Authors:Haiqing Li, Xin Ma, Yinhao Wu, Wenliang Zhong, Feng Jiang, Thao M. Dang, Xiao Hu, Hehuan Ma, Yuzhi Guo, Junzhou Huang View a PDF of the paper titled Who Holds the Pen? Let Specifications, Not Agents, Sign Off, by Haiqing Li and 9 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract:Large language model agents increasingly combine generation, decision-making, execution, and self-evaluation within a single agentic loop. Although they operate under external specifications such as task instructions, guidelines, output schemas, and reusable skills, these specifications typically remain context for the same model that acts and declares completion, leaving no independent specification authority boundary. We identify two resulting gaps. The understanding--execution gap arises when a requirement is understood but not satisfied in execution; the state--authority gap arises when an agent's interpretation or completion claim does not establish the required state. On SkillsBench, using only agent-visible prompts, workspace information, and injected skill specifications, we extract 509 source-grounded task directions. Across seven models, only 79.6%--86.4% are satisfied, while completion-claim rates exceed official evaluator pass rates by 28.7--37.9 percentage points. We therefore separate agent proposals from authoritative state. Agents may plan, act, and request completion, but only admissible evidence from qualified providers may establish specification-governed state. SpecHarness operationalizes this principle by compiling visible specifications into source-linked obligations and governing execution and finalization through versioned obligation state. Verifiable requirements are mediated or validated at runtime, while ambiguous or subjective requirements remain advisory. Experiments on guideline-following and artifact-generation tasks show that specifications can serve not merely as behavioral guidance, but as authority over compliant execution and completion. Subjects: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI); Multiagent Systems (cs.MA) Cite as: arXiv:2609.29921 [cs.AI] (or arXiv:2609.29921v1 [cs.AI] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.29921 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration) Submission history From: Haiqing Li [view email] [v1] Thu, 24 Sep 2026 14:55:14 UTC (2,035 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: View a PDF of the paper titled Who Holds the Pen? Let Specifications, Not Agents, Sign Off, by Haiqing Li and 9 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) TeX Source view license Current browse context: cs.AI new | recent | 2026-09 Change to browse by: cs cs.MA References & Citations NASA ADS Google Scholar Semantic Scholar export BibTeX citation Loading... BibTeX formatted citation × loading... Data provided by: Bookmark Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer (What is the Explorer?) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers (What is Connected Papers?) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps (What is Litmaps?) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations (What are Smart Citations?) Code, Data, Media Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article alphaXiv Toggle alphaXiv (What is alphaXiv?) Links to Code Toggle CatalyzeX Code Finder for Papers (What is CatalyzeX?) DagsHub Toggle DagsHub (What is DagsHub?) GotitPub Toggle Gotit.pub (What is GotitPub?) Huggingface Toggle Hugging Face (What is Huggingface?) ScienceCast Toggle ScienceCast (What is ScienceCast?) Demos Demos Replicate Toggle Replicate (What is Replicate?) Spaces Toggle Hugging Face Spaces (What is Spaces?) Spaces Toggle TXYZ.AI (What is TXYZ.AI?) Related Papers Recommenders and Search Tools Link to Influence Flower Influence Flower (What are Influence Flowers?) Core recommender toggle CORE Recommender (What is CORE?) Author Venue Institution Topic About arXivLabs arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs. Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)